Congenital heart surgery is a highly specialized and complex branch of surgery. There are four chambers and four valves in the heart, and two great arteries and about six major veins connected to the heart. Now with only a limited number of structures and a handful of basic defects how many congenital heart defects could there be? Turns out there are a lot!!! You would be surprised to learn that there are innumerable combination of defects leading to hundreds of unique congenital heart diagnoses. The presentation and severity of congenital heart defects vary widely. Some are critical and need to be addressed in the newborn period, while some can be corrected later on. A few do not even need any surgical intervention. Here, we will try to break down the complexity of different congenital heart defects. So if you or your loved one has a congenital heart defect needing surgery, you are in the right place to make an informed decision!